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Bietti Crystalline Retinopathy: Report of Retinal Crystal Deposition in Male Adolescent Siblings

Bita Manzouri, MRCP,  FRCOphth, PhD; Panagiotis I. Sergouniotis, MD; Anthony G. Robson, PhD; Andrew R. Webster, MD,  FRCOphth; Anthony Moore, MA, FRCS,  FRCOphth, FMedSci
Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(11):1470-1473. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1567.
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Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a genetically determined disorder characterized by progressive chorioretinal degeneration, nyctalopia, visual field constriction, and multiple intraretinal yellow-white crystalline deposits. Similar crystals can be seen at the corneoscleral limbus on slitlamp examination and in circulating lymphocytes on histological examination. Retinal crystals are observed predominantly at the posterior pole and in the superficial and deep retinal layers. They are associated with multiple, sharply demarcated areas of atrophy in the retinal pigment epithelium and loss of choriocapillaris; the crystals are less obvious as the disease advances. Bietti crystalline dystrophy is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is associated with mutations in the CYP4V2 gene (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily V, polypeptide 2). The CYP4V2 gene maps to chromosome 4q35, is expressed in a wide variety of tissues (including the retina and the cornea), and encodes an enzyme with a selective fatty acid ω-hydroxylase activity.12

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Grahic Jump Location

Figure 1. Color fundus photographs of patient 1 (A; the proband) and patient 2 (B) showing multiple crystalline deposits that are more numerous at the posterior pole and peripapillary region than at the retinal periphery, which is relatively spared. The corresponding fundus autofluorescence images of patient 2 (C) are also shown.

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Grahic Jump Location

Figure 2. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) and infrared images of patient 1 (A; the right [upper] and left [lower] eyes) and patient 2 (B; the right [upper] and left [lower] eyes). The SD-OCT images show hyperreflective lesions scattered throughout the retina that do not always appear to coincide with the crystals seen on infrared imaging.

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Grahic Jump Location

Figure 3. Normal full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) and pattern ERGs (PERGs) from the right and left eyes of the proband and representative normal traces (bottom row). The ERGs were recorded under dark-adapted (DA) and light-adapted (LA) conditions according to the published standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. The DA ERGs are shown for white flash strengths of 0.01 and 11.0 candela (cd) s m−2. Standard LA full-field ERGs are shown for a flash intensity of 3.0 cd s m−2 (mean [SD], 30 [2] Hz). The PERGs are recorded to an alternating checkerboard. The broken lines replace eye movement artifacts.

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