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February 1931, Vol 5, No. 2 >
ARTICLE | February 1931

THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF ATROPINE AND EPINEPHRINE ON THE INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE EYE

HALLIE HARTGRAVES, M.D.; PETER C. KRONFELD, M.D.
Arch Ophthalmol. 1931;5(2):212-218. doi:10.1001/archopht.1931.00820020062005.
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Up to about three years ago the conceptions of the physiology and pharmacology of the iris were comparatively simple. It was known that there were two muscles in the iris, the sphincter and the dilator, which were thought to act more or less independently of each other. The same assumptions were made for the influence of drugs on these two muscles. A group of drugs was known to influence only the sphincter, another group to act on the dilator. For the sphincter it was found that certain alkaloids had the power of increasing the tone, while certain others paralyzed it. A new point was brought out by Poos1 when he was able to show active relaxation of the sphincter pupillae under the influence of cocaine or epinephrine, drugs which up to that time were thought to influence the dilator only. Poos studied the action of various drugs on the

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