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March 1943, Vol 29, No. 3 >
ARTICLE | March 1943

INCIDENCE OF GREEN-RED BLINDNESS

ROBERT C. GRAY, D.Sc.
Arch Ophthalmol. 1943;29(3):446-448. doi:10.1001/archopht.1943.00880150120006.
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I. SIMPLE THEORY OF INHERITANCE 

A. Statement.  —It is generally agreed that the green-red sensation is carried by the x-chromosomes, of which the female possesses two and the male only one. It follows from this that there are females, called conductors (or carriers), who have one defective and one normal x-chromosome ; they have normal vision but may pass the defect to their sons or, through conductor daughters, to grandsons. The proportion of color-blind females is therefore much smaller than that of color-blind males, while the proportion of conductor females is, as will be shown hereafter, nearly twice the proportion of color-blind males.It will be assumed in what follows that persons possessing one or more defect-carrying x-chromosomes have the same fertility and the same mortality as normal persons, that there is no selective mating for or against a defect in color vision and that the total mutation rate from normal

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