Objective:
To determine the efficacy and safety of topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of bacterial keratitis.
Design:
Prospective case series with a nonrandomized comparison of culture-positive, evaluable cases (ciprofloxacin ointment group) with culture-positive, concurrent patients (nonenrolled group) treated with conventional therapy.
Setting:
Multicenter clinical study.
Patients:
After informed consent was obtained, 253 eligible patients underwent corneal scrapings and received topical ciprofloxacin ointment; 145 (57%) had positive cultures and completed the follow-up schedule. Forty (70%) of 57 apparently eligible patients had culture-positive bacterial keratitis but were not enrolled in the ciprofloxacin ointment study during the same period.
Intervention:
Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic ointment instilled every 1 to 2 hours for 2 days, then every 4 hours for 12 days.
Main Outcome Measures:
Clinical evaluation of signs at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment and the overall condition classified as clinical success (cured or improved) or failure (unchanged or worse) during and after therapy.
Results:
Clinical success with the initial treatment occurred in 135 patients (93%) in the ciprofloxacin ointment group and in 28 patients (70%) in the nonenrolled group. Of the 10 ciprofloxacin clinical failures, seven were staphylococcal; two, pneumococcal; and one, polybacterial. The 90% minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin was 3 mg/L or less for corneal bacterial isolates. No serious adverse event attributable to ciprofloxacin ointment occurred, although 32 (13%) of 253 patients developed a transient white crystalline corneal precipitate shown with liquid chromatography in two cases to be ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion:
Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic ointment is an effective and safe topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of bacterial keratitis caused by susceptible microorganisms.