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June 1984, Vol 102, No. 6 >
ARTICLE | June 1984

Treatment of Xerophthalmia With Retinol, Tretinoin, and Etretinate FREE

Diane L. Hatchell, PhD; Mary Faculjak; Diana Kubicek
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication Aug 29, 1983.

Reprint requests to Duke University Eye Center, Box 3802, Durham, NC 27710 (Dr Hatchell).

This study was supported in part by research grant EY01436 and Ophthalmic Research Center grant EY01931 from the National Eye Institute, by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, New York City, and by VA Medical Research funds.

Etretinate was provided by Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.


Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102(6):926-927. doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030746036
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• Topical retinol, tretinoin (all-transretinoic acid) and etretinate (a synthetic retinoid) were used in rabbits to treat experimental xerophthalmia due to vitamin A deficiency. Both 0.2% retinol and 0.1% and 0.2% tretinoin effectively reversed abnormal corneal epithelial keratinization within one to two days and restored corneal clarity within two to four days following topical application three times per day. Etretinate was ineffective in the concentration used (0.2%). In addition, application of tretinoin to one eye effectively reversed xerophthalmic changes in the other eye. Retinol did not have an effect on the other eye.

REFERENCES

1 +
Moore T, Holmes PD:  The production of experimental vitamin A deficiency in rats and mice . Lab Anim 1971;;5:239-250.
2 +
Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia: Report of Joint World Health Organization-US Agency in International Development Meeting. WHO Tech Rep Ser 590, 1976.
3 +
Sommer A: Nutritional Blindness: Xerophthalmia and Keratomalacia . New York, Oxford University Press, 1982;.
4 +
Lamb AJ, Apiwatanaporn P, Olson JA:  Induction of rapid synchronous vitamin A deficiency in the rat . J Nutr 1974;;104:1140-1148.
5 +
Sommer A, Emran N:  Topical retinoic acid in the treatment of corneal xerophthalmia . Am J Ophthalmol 1978;;86:615-617.
6 +
Sommer A:  Treatment of corneal xerophthalmia with topical retinoic acid . Am J Ophthalmol 1983;;95:349-352.
7 +
Van Horn DL, DeCarlo JD, Schutten WH, et al:  Topical retinoic acid in the treatment of experimental xerophthalmia in the rabbit . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;;99:317-321.
8 +
Dicken CH, Connolly SM:  Systemic retinoids in dermatology . Mayo Clin Proc 1982;;57:51-57.
9 +
Mayer H, Bollag W, Haani R, et al:  Retinoids, a new class of compounds with prophylactic and therapeutic activities in oncology and dermatology . Experientia 1978;;34:1105-1119.
10 +
Van Horn DL, Schutten WH, Hyndiuk RA, et al:  Xerophthalmia in the rabbit: Clinical and electron microscopic alterations in the cornea . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980;;19:1067-1079.
11 +
Parnell JP, Sherman BS:  Effect of vitamin A on keratinization in the A-deficient rat , in Butcher EO, Sognnaes RF (eds): Fundamentals of Keratinization . Washington, DC, American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, 1962;, chap 6, pp 113-131.
12 +
Pirie A:  Effects of locally applied retinoic acid on corneal xerophthalmia in the rat . Exp Eye Res 1977;;25:297-302.
13 +
DeGrosz S:  Local use of vitamin A preparations in ophthalmic practice . Arch Ophthalmol 1939;;22:727-734.
14 +
Wolf J:  A historical note on the mode of administration of vitamin A for the cure of night blindness . Am J Clin Nutr 1978;;31:290-292.
15 +
Forster S, Mead A, Sears M:  An interophthalmic connecting artery as explanation for the consensual irritative response of the rabbit eye . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1979;;18:161-165.
16 +
Ubels JL, Edelhauser HF, Austin KH:  Healing of experimental corneal wounds treated with topically applied retinoids . Am J Ophthalmol 1983;;95:353-358.
17 +
Smolin G, Okumoto M:  Vitamin A acid and corneal epithelial wound healing . Ann Ophthalmol 1981;;13:563-566.

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1 +
Moore T, Holmes PD:  The production of experimental vitamin A deficiency in rats and mice . Lab Anim 1971;;5:239-250.
2 +
Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia: Report of Joint World Health Organization-US Agency in International Development Meeting. WHO Tech Rep Ser 590, 1976.
3 +
Sommer A: Nutritional Blindness: Xerophthalmia and Keratomalacia . New York, Oxford University Press, 1982;.
4 +
Lamb AJ, Apiwatanaporn P, Olson JA:  Induction of rapid synchronous vitamin A deficiency in the rat . J Nutr 1974;;104:1140-1148.
5 +
Sommer A, Emran N:  Topical retinoic acid in the treatment of corneal xerophthalmia . Am J Ophthalmol 1978;;86:615-617.
6 +
Sommer A:  Treatment of corneal xerophthalmia with topical retinoic acid . Am J Ophthalmol 1983;;95:349-352.
7 +
Van Horn DL, DeCarlo JD, Schutten WH, et al:  Topical retinoic acid in the treatment of experimental xerophthalmia in the rabbit . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;;99:317-321.
8 +
Dicken CH, Connolly SM:  Systemic retinoids in dermatology . Mayo Clin Proc 1982;;57:51-57.
9 +
Mayer H, Bollag W, Haani R, et al:  Retinoids, a new class of compounds with prophylactic and therapeutic activities in oncology and dermatology . Experientia 1978;;34:1105-1119.
10 +
Van Horn DL, Schutten WH, Hyndiuk RA, et al:  Xerophthalmia in the rabbit: Clinical and electron microscopic alterations in the cornea . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980;;19:1067-1079.
11 +
Parnell JP, Sherman BS:  Effect of vitamin A on keratinization in the A-deficient rat , in Butcher EO, Sognnaes RF (eds): Fundamentals of Keratinization . Washington, DC, American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, 1962;, chap 6, pp 113-131.
12 +
Pirie A:  Effects of locally applied retinoic acid on corneal xerophthalmia in the rat . Exp Eye Res 1977;;25:297-302.
13 +
DeGrosz S:  Local use of vitamin A preparations in ophthalmic practice . Arch Ophthalmol 1939;;22:727-734.
14 +
Wolf J:  A historical note on the mode of administration of vitamin A for the cure of night blindness . Am J Clin Nutr 1978;;31:290-292.
15 +
Forster S, Mead A, Sears M:  An interophthalmic connecting artery as explanation for the consensual irritative response of the rabbit eye . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1979;;18:161-165.
16 +
Ubels JL, Edelhauser HF, Austin KH:  Healing of experimental corneal wounds treated with topically applied retinoids . Am J Ophthalmol 1983;;95:353-358.
17 +
Smolin G, Okumoto M:  Vitamin A acid and corneal epithelial wound healing . Ann Ophthalmol 1981;;13:563-566.

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