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December 1986, Vol 104, No. 12 >
ARTICLE | December 1986

Antigens of Herpes Simplex Virus in Whole Corneal Epithelial Sheets From Mice FREE

Carolyn Shimeld; Stanislawa J. Lewkowicz-Moss, PhD; Karen M. Lipworth; Terence J. Hill, PhD; William A. Blyth, PhD; David L. Easty, MD, FRCS
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication April 11, 1986.

Reprints not available.


Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104(12):1830-1834. doi:10.1001/archopht.1986.01050240104049
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• Mice were inoculated with herpes simplex virus in the skin of the snout or by scarification on the cornea and then examined for eye disease using a slit lamp. Whole mounts of corneal epithelium were stained for virus antigens by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, and infectious virus was isolated from eyewashings. Antigens were present one day after corneal inoculation, but after inoculation of the snout, there was a delay of three days before antigens were seen. This delay and the distribution of antigens were evidence of zosteriform spread from the snout to the eye via the nervous system. Disease of the cornea varied in severity and timing depending on the site of inoculation. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was more sensitive than isolation of virus from eyewashings and allowed the site and distribution of infected cells to be seen.

REFERENCES

1 +
Green MT, Rosborough JP, Dunkel EC:  In vivo reactivation of herpes simplex virus in rabbit trigeminal ganglion: Electrode model . Infect Immun 1981;;34:69-74.
2 +
Hill JM, Kwon BS, Shimomura Y, et al:  Herpes simplex virus recovery in neural tissues after ocular HSV shedding induced by epinephrine iontophoresis to the rabbit cornea . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983;;24:243-247.
3 +
Hill JM, Shimomura Y, Kwon BS, et al:  Iontophoresis of epinephrine isomers to rabbit eyes induced HSV-1 ocular shedding . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;;26:1299-1303.
4 +
Kaufman HE, Brown DC, Ellison EM:  Recurrent herpes in the rabbit and man . Science 1967;;156:1628-1629.
5 +
Kwon BS, Gangarosa LP, Burch KD, et al:  Induction of ocular herpes simplex virus shedding by iontophoresis of epinephrine into rabbit cornea . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;;21:442-449.
6 +
Laibson PR, Kibrick S:  Reactivation of herpetic keratitis by epinephrine in rabbit . Arch Ophthalmol 1966;;75:254-260.
7 +
Laibson PR, Kibrick S:  Reactivation of herpetic keratitis in rabbit: II. Repeated reactivations in the same host . Arch Ophthalmol 1967;;77:244-248.
8 +
Mayers M, Matli M, Okumoto M, et al:  Recombinant human interferon aD in HSV-1 recurrence in the rabbit . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;;26:237-240.
9 +
Nesburn AB, Dickinson R, Radnoti M:  The effect of trigeminal nerve and ganglionic manipulation on recurrence of ocular herpes simplex in rabbits . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1976;;15:726-731.
10 +
Nesburn AB, Cook ML, Stevens JG:  Latent herpes simplex virus: Isolation from rabbit trigeminal ganglia between episodes of recurrent ocular infection . Arch Ophthalmol 1972;;88:412-417.
11 +
Nesburn AB, Green MT, Radnoti M, et al:  Reliable in vivo model for latent herpes simplex virus reactivation with peripheral virus shedding . Infect Immun 1977;;15:772-775.
12 +
Pavan-Langston D, Nesburn AB:  The chronology of primary herpes simplex infection of the eye and adnexal glands . Arch Ophthalmol 1968;;80:258-264.
13 +
Smolin G, Matli M, Okumoto M, et al:  Use of recombinant interferon to prevent recurrent herpes virus shedding . Curr Eye Res 1984;;3:1069-1074.
14 +
Shimomura Y, Dudley JB, Gangarosa LP, et al:  HSV-1 quantitation from rabbit neural tissues after epinephrine-induced reactivation . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;;26:121-125.
15 +
Willey DE, Trousdale MD, Nesburn AB:  Reactivation of murine latent HSV infection by epinephrine iontophoresis . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;;25:945-950.
16 +
Blyth WA, Harbour DA, Hill TJ:  Pathogenesis of zosteriform spread of herpes simplex virus in the mouse . J Gen Virol 1984;;65:1477-1486.
17 +
Hill TJ, Field HJ, Blyth WA:  Acute and recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse: A model for studying latency and recurrent disease . J Gen Virol 1975;;28:341-353.
18 +
Tullo AB, Shimeld C, Blyth WA, et al:  Ocular infection with herpes simplex virus in nonimmune and immune mice . Arch Ophthalmol 1983;;101:961-964.
19 +
Shimeld C, Easty DL, Tullo AB, et al:  Spread of herpes simplex virus to the eye following cutaneous inoculation in the skin of the snout of the mouse , in Maudgal PC, Missotten L (eds): Herpetic Eye Diseases. The Hague , Dr W Junk NV Publishers, 1985;, pp 39-47.
20 +
Juhlin L, Shelley WB:  New staining techniques for the Langerhans cells . Acta Derm Venereol 1977;;57:289-296.
21 +
Dulbecco R, Vogt M:  Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis virus . J Exp Med 1954;;99:167-182.
22 +
Itoyama Y, Sekizawa T, Openshaw H, et al:  Immunocytochemical localisation of herpes simplex virus antigen in the trigeminal ganglia of experimentally infected mice . J Neurol Sci 1984;;66:67-75.
23 +
Anderson JR, Field HJ:  An animal model of ocular herpes: Keratitis, retinitis and cataract in the mouse . Br J Exp Pathol 1984;;65:283-297.
24 +
Whitear M:  An electron microscope study of the cornea in mice with special reference to the innervation . J Anat 1960;;94:387-409.
25 +
Nash AA, Quartey-Papafio R, Wildy P:  Cell mediated immunity in herpes simplex virus infected mice: Functional analysis of lymph node cells during periods of acute and latent infection, with reference to cytotoxic and memory cells . J Gen Virol 1980;;49:309-317.
26 +
Darville JM, Blyth WA:  Neutralising antibody in mice with primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus infections . Arch Virol 1982;;71:303-310.
27 +
Nesburn AB, Elliot JH, Leibowitz HM:  Spontaneous reactivation of experimental herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits . Arch Ophthalmol 1967;;78:523-529.
28 +
Tullo AB, Shimeld C, Blyth WA, et al:  Spread of virus and distribution of latent infection following ocular herpes simplex in the nonimmune and immune mouse . J Gen Virol 1982;;63:95-101.

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1 +
Green MT, Rosborough JP, Dunkel EC:  In vivo reactivation of herpes simplex virus in rabbit trigeminal ganglion: Electrode model . Infect Immun 1981;;34:69-74.
2 +
Hill JM, Kwon BS, Shimomura Y, et al:  Herpes simplex virus recovery in neural tissues after ocular HSV shedding induced by epinephrine iontophoresis to the rabbit cornea . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983;;24:243-247.
3 +
Hill JM, Shimomura Y, Kwon BS, et al:  Iontophoresis of epinephrine isomers to rabbit eyes induced HSV-1 ocular shedding . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;;26:1299-1303.
4 +
Kaufman HE, Brown DC, Ellison EM:  Recurrent herpes in the rabbit and man . Science 1967;;156:1628-1629.
5 +
Kwon BS, Gangarosa LP, Burch KD, et al:  Induction of ocular herpes simplex virus shedding by iontophoresis of epinephrine into rabbit cornea . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;;21:442-449.
6 +
Laibson PR, Kibrick S:  Reactivation of herpetic keratitis by epinephrine in rabbit . Arch Ophthalmol 1966;;75:254-260.
7 +
Laibson PR, Kibrick S:  Reactivation of herpetic keratitis in rabbit: II. Repeated reactivations in the same host . Arch Ophthalmol 1967;;77:244-248.
8 +
Mayers M, Matli M, Okumoto M, et al:  Recombinant human interferon aD in HSV-1 recurrence in the rabbit . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;;26:237-240.
9 +
Nesburn AB, Dickinson R, Radnoti M:  The effect of trigeminal nerve and ganglionic manipulation on recurrence of ocular herpes simplex in rabbits . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1976;;15:726-731.
10 +
Nesburn AB, Cook ML, Stevens JG:  Latent herpes simplex virus: Isolation from rabbit trigeminal ganglia between episodes of recurrent ocular infection . Arch Ophthalmol 1972;;88:412-417.
11 +
Nesburn AB, Green MT, Radnoti M, et al:  Reliable in vivo model for latent herpes simplex virus reactivation with peripheral virus shedding . Infect Immun 1977;;15:772-775.
12 +
Pavan-Langston D, Nesburn AB:  The chronology of primary herpes simplex infection of the eye and adnexal glands . Arch Ophthalmol 1968;;80:258-264.
13 +
Smolin G, Matli M, Okumoto M, et al:  Use of recombinant interferon to prevent recurrent herpes virus shedding . Curr Eye Res 1984;;3:1069-1074.
14 +
Shimomura Y, Dudley JB, Gangarosa LP, et al:  HSV-1 quantitation from rabbit neural tissues after epinephrine-induced reactivation . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;;26:121-125.
15 +
Willey DE, Trousdale MD, Nesburn AB:  Reactivation of murine latent HSV infection by epinephrine iontophoresis . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;;25:945-950.
16 +
Blyth WA, Harbour DA, Hill TJ:  Pathogenesis of zosteriform spread of herpes simplex virus in the mouse . J Gen Virol 1984;;65:1477-1486.
17 +
Hill TJ, Field HJ, Blyth WA:  Acute and recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse: A model for studying latency and recurrent disease . J Gen Virol 1975;;28:341-353.
18 +
Tullo AB, Shimeld C, Blyth WA, et al:  Ocular infection with herpes simplex virus in nonimmune and immune mice . Arch Ophthalmol 1983;;101:961-964.
19 +
Shimeld C, Easty DL, Tullo AB, et al:  Spread of herpes simplex virus to the eye following cutaneous inoculation in the skin of the snout of the mouse , in Maudgal PC, Missotten L (eds): Herpetic Eye Diseases. The Hague , Dr W Junk NV Publishers, 1985;, pp 39-47.
20 +
Juhlin L, Shelley WB:  New staining techniques for the Langerhans cells . Acta Derm Venereol 1977;;57:289-296.
21 +
Dulbecco R, Vogt M:  Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis virus . J Exp Med 1954;;99:167-182.
22 +
Itoyama Y, Sekizawa T, Openshaw H, et al:  Immunocytochemical localisation of herpes simplex virus antigen in the trigeminal ganglia of experimentally infected mice . J Neurol Sci 1984;;66:67-75.
23 +
Anderson JR, Field HJ:  An animal model of ocular herpes: Keratitis, retinitis and cataract in the mouse . Br J Exp Pathol 1984;;65:283-297.
24 +
Whitear M:  An electron microscope study of the cornea in mice with special reference to the innervation . J Anat 1960;;94:387-409.
25 +
Nash AA, Quartey-Papafio R, Wildy P:  Cell mediated immunity in herpes simplex virus infected mice: Functional analysis of lymph node cells during periods of acute and latent infection, with reference to cytotoxic and memory cells . J Gen Virol 1980;;49:309-317.
26 +
Darville JM, Blyth WA:  Neutralising antibody in mice with primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus infections . Arch Virol 1982;;71:303-310.
27 +
Nesburn AB, Elliot JH, Leibowitz HM:  Spontaneous reactivation of experimental herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits . Arch Ophthalmol 1967;;78:523-529.
28 +
Tullo AB, Shimeld C, Blyth WA, et al:  Spread of virus and distribution of latent infection following ocular herpes simplex in the nonimmune and immune mouse . J Gen Virol 1982;;63:95-101.

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