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September 1986, Vol 104, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | September 1986

Ultrastructure of Bruch's Membrane After Krypton Laser Photocoagulation: Title and subTitle BreakII. Repair of Bruch's Membrane and the Role of Macrophages FREE

Ayala Pollack, MD; Gary E. Korte, PhD; Wilson J. Heriot, FRACO, FRACS; Paul Henkind, MD, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication March 27, 1986.

Reprint requests to the Department of Ophthalmology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 (Dr Pollack).


Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104(9):1377-1382. doi:10.1001/archopht.1986.01050210131040
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• The accompanying ultrastructural study showed that ophthalmoscopically white krypton laser photocoagulation in rats is followed by cellular invasion causing breakdown of Bruch's membrane (BM). We have expanded these observations, using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-voltage transmission electron microscopy to describe the healing process. The repair of BM involves regenerating retinal pigment epithelial cells and choriocapillaris (CC) that form new basement membranes and fibroblasts that secrete collagen and elastin. The reformation of the CC is also associated with subretinal neovascularization. The involvement of macrophages was evident throughout the process of BM repair and formation of new vessels. We propose that the macrophages act as a common factor linking the diverse diseases associated with choroidal subretinal neovascularization, deduced from our evaluation of the healing process and the reformation of choriocapillaris.

REFERENCES

1 +
Pollack A, Heriot WJ, Henkind P: Active cellular processes causing defects in Bruch's membrane following krypton laser photocoagulation. Ophthalmology, in press.
2 +
Pollack A, Korte GE, Weitzner AL, et al:  Ultrastructure of Bruch's membrane after krypton laser photocoagulation: I. Breakdown of Bruch's membrane . Arch Ophthalmol 1986;;104:1372-1376.
3 +
Machemer R, Laqua H:  Pigment epithelium proliferation in retinal detachment (massive periretinal proliferation) . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;;80:1-23.
4 +
Bulow N:  The process of wound healing of the avascular outer layers of the retina: Light and electron microscopic studies on laser lesions of monkeys' eyes . Acta Ophthalmol 1978;;56:1-60.
5 +
Newsome D, Kenyon K:  Collagen production in vitro by the retinal pigment epithelium of the chick embryo . Dev Biol 1973;;32:387-400.
6 +
Korte GE, Bellhorn R, Burn M: Remodelling of the retinal pigment epithelium in response to intraepithelial capillaries: Evidence that capillaries influence the polarity of epithelium. Cell Tissue Res, in press.
7 +
Kalebic T, Garbisa S, Glaser B, et al:  Basement membrane collagen: Degradation by migrating endothelial cells . Science 1983;;221:281-283.
8 +
Archer DB, Gardiner TA:  Experimental subretinal neovascularization . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK , 1980;;100:353-368.
9 +
Ross R:  The fibroblast and wound repair . Biol Rev 1968;;43:51-96.
10 +
Tso MOM:  Photic maculopathy in the rhesus monkey: A light and electron microscopic study . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1973;;71:17-34.
11 +
Moore JW II, Sholly MM:  Comparison of the neovascular effects of stimulated macrophages and neutrophils in autologous rabbit corneas . Am J Pathol 1985;;120:87-98.
12 +
Ben Ezra D:  Neovasculogenic ability of prostaglandins, growth factors, and synthetic chemoattractants . Am J Ophthalmol 1978;;86:455-461.
13 +
Polverini PJ, Cotran RS, Gimbrone MA Jr, et al:  Activated macrophages induce vascular proliferation . Nature 1977;;269:704-706.
14 +
Liebovich SJ, Ross R:  The role of the macrophage in wound healing repair: A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum . Am J Pathol 1975;;78:71-100.
15 +
Leibovich SJ, Ross R:  A macrophagedependent factor that stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro . Am J Pathol 1976;;84:501-514.
16 +
Martin BM, Gimbrone MA Jr, Unanue ER, et al:  Stimulation of nonlymphoid mesenchymal cell proliferation by macrophage-derived growth factor . J Immunol 1982;;126:1510-1515.
17 +
Ishibashi T, Miki K, Sorgente N, et al:  Effects of intravitreal administration of steroids on experimental subretinal neovascularization in subhuman primate . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;; 103:708-711.
18 +
Penfold P, Killingsworth M, Sarks SH:  An ultrastructural study of the role of leukocytes and fibroblasts in the breakdown of Bruch's membrane . Aust J Ophthalmol 1984;;12:23-31.
19 +
Grindle CEJ, Marshall J:  Ageing changes in Bruch's membrane and their functional implications . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1978;;98:172-175.
20 +
Heriot WJ, Henkind P, Bellhorn RW, et al:  Choroidal neovascularization can digest Bruch's membrane: A prior break is not essential . Ophthalmology 1984;;91:1603-1608.
21 +
Heriot WJ, Henkind P, Bellhorn RW, et al:  Retinal pigment epithelial specific phototoxicity . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;;26( (suppl) ):170.
22 +
Sarks SH:  Ageing and degeneration in the macular region: A clinico-pathological study . Br J Ophthalmol 1976;;60:324-341.
23 +
Feeny-Burns L, Ellersiek MR:  Age-related changes in the ultrastructure of Bruch's membrane . Am J Ophthalmol 1985;;100:686-697.
24 +
Gartner S, Henkind P:  Pathology of retinitis pigmentosa . Ophthalmology 1982;;89:1425-1432.
25 +
Korte GE, Reppucci V, Henkind P:  RPE destruction causes choriocapillary atrophy . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;;25:1135-1145.
26 +
Glaser BM, Campochiaro PA, Davis JL Jr, et al:  Retinal pigment epithelial cells release an inhibitor of neovascularization . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:1870-1875.
27 +
Campochiaro PA, Glaser BM:  Endothelial cells release a chemoattractant for retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:1876-1880.

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1 +
Pollack A, Heriot WJ, Henkind P: Active cellular processes causing defects in Bruch's membrane following krypton laser photocoagulation. Ophthalmology, in press.
2 +
Pollack A, Korte GE, Weitzner AL, et al:  Ultrastructure of Bruch's membrane after krypton laser photocoagulation: I. Breakdown of Bruch's membrane . Arch Ophthalmol 1986;;104:1372-1376.
3 +
Machemer R, Laqua H:  Pigment epithelium proliferation in retinal detachment (massive periretinal proliferation) . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;;80:1-23.
4 +
Bulow N:  The process of wound healing of the avascular outer layers of the retina: Light and electron microscopic studies on laser lesions of monkeys' eyes . Acta Ophthalmol 1978;;56:1-60.
5 +
Newsome D, Kenyon K:  Collagen production in vitro by the retinal pigment epithelium of the chick embryo . Dev Biol 1973;;32:387-400.
6 +
Korte GE, Bellhorn R, Burn M: Remodelling of the retinal pigment epithelium in response to intraepithelial capillaries: Evidence that capillaries influence the polarity of epithelium. Cell Tissue Res, in press.
7 +
Kalebic T, Garbisa S, Glaser B, et al:  Basement membrane collagen: Degradation by migrating endothelial cells . Science 1983;;221:281-283.
8 +
Archer DB, Gardiner TA:  Experimental subretinal neovascularization . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK , 1980;;100:353-368.
9 +
Ross R:  The fibroblast and wound repair . Biol Rev 1968;;43:51-96.
10 +
Tso MOM:  Photic maculopathy in the rhesus monkey: A light and electron microscopic study . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1973;;71:17-34.
11 +
Moore JW II, Sholly MM:  Comparison of the neovascular effects of stimulated macrophages and neutrophils in autologous rabbit corneas . Am J Pathol 1985;;120:87-98.
12 +
Ben Ezra D:  Neovasculogenic ability of prostaglandins, growth factors, and synthetic chemoattractants . Am J Ophthalmol 1978;;86:455-461.
13 +
Polverini PJ, Cotran RS, Gimbrone MA Jr, et al:  Activated macrophages induce vascular proliferation . Nature 1977;;269:704-706.
14 +
Liebovich SJ, Ross R:  The role of the macrophage in wound healing repair: A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum . Am J Pathol 1975;;78:71-100.
15 +
Leibovich SJ, Ross R:  A macrophagedependent factor that stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro . Am J Pathol 1976;;84:501-514.
16 +
Martin BM, Gimbrone MA Jr, Unanue ER, et al:  Stimulation of nonlymphoid mesenchymal cell proliferation by macrophage-derived growth factor . J Immunol 1982;;126:1510-1515.
17 +
Ishibashi T, Miki K, Sorgente N, et al:  Effects of intravitreal administration of steroids on experimental subretinal neovascularization in subhuman primate . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;; 103:708-711.
18 +
Penfold P, Killingsworth M, Sarks SH:  An ultrastructural study of the role of leukocytes and fibroblasts in the breakdown of Bruch's membrane . Aust J Ophthalmol 1984;;12:23-31.
19 +
Grindle CEJ, Marshall J:  Ageing changes in Bruch's membrane and their functional implications . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1978;;98:172-175.
20 +
Heriot WJ, Henkind P, Bellhorn RW, et al:  Choroidal neovascularization can digest Bruch's membrane: A prior break is not essential . Ophthalmology 1984;;91:1603-1608.
21 +
Heriot WJ, Henkind P, Bellhorn RW, et al:  Retinal pigment epithelial specific phototoxicity . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;;26( (suppl) ):170.
22 +
Sarks SH:  Ageing and degeneration in the macular region: A clinico-pathological study . Br J Ophthalmol 1976;;60:324-341.
23 +
Feeny-Burns L, Ellersiek MR:  Age-related changes in the ultrastructure of Bruch's membrane . Am J Ophthalmol 1985;;100:686-697.
24 +
Gartner S, Henkind P:  Pathology of retinitis pigmentosa . Ophthalmology 1982;;89:1425-1432.
25 +
Korte GE, Reppucci V, Henkind P:  RPE destruction causes choriocapillary atrophy . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;;25:1135-1145.
26 +
Glaser BM, Campochiaro PA, Davis JL Jr, et al:  Retinal pigment epithelial cells release an inhibitor of neovascularization . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:1870-1875.
27 +
Campochiaro PA, Glaser BM:  Endothelial cells release a chemoattractant for retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:1876-1880.

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