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July 1988, Vol 106, No. 7 >
ARTICLE | July 1988

Serum Is Chemotactic for Retinal-Derived Glial Cells FREE

Eugene de Juan, MD; John S. Dickson, MS; Leonard Hjelmeland, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication Feb 12, 1988.

Reprint requests to Duke University Eye Center, Box 3802, Durham, NC 27710 (Dr de Juan).


Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106(7):986-990. doi:10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140132040
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• Retinal glial cells participate in nearly all proliferative retinopathies. Little is known about factors that can stimulate these cells to migrate from the retina and proliferate. We cultured retinal glial cells from immature rats and observed the migratory and proliferative responses to serum (0% to 10%) and two of its components, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (0 to 30 ng/mL) and fibronectin (0 to 20 mg/L). We found that 1% serum causes a fivefold increase in migration of the retinal glia and a 170% increase in proliferation over baseline. Fibronectin caused a threefold increase in migration at 30 mg/L, and PDGF caused a fourfold increase at 20 ng/mL, but only PDGF caused an increase in proliferation (300% at 10 ng/mL).

REFERENCES

1 +
Hamilton C, Chandler D, Klintworth G, et al:  A transmission and scanning electron microscopic study of surgically excised preretinal membrane proliferations in diabetes mellitus . Am J Ophthalmol 1982;;94:473-488.
2 +
Van Horn DL, Aaberg T, Machemer R:  Glial cell proliferation in human retinal detachment with massive periretinal proliferation . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;;80:1-23.
3 +
Clarkson JC, Green WR, Massof O:  A histopathologic review of 168 cases of preretinal membrane . Am J Ophthalmol 1977;;84:1-17.
4 +
De Juan E Jr, Lambert H, Machemer R:  Recurrent proliferations in macular pucker, diabetic retinopathy and retrolental fibroplasia-like disease after vitrectomy . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1985;;223:174-183.
5 +
De Juan E Jr, Machemer R, Hatchell D:  Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study of glio-vascular membranes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;;26:23.
6 +
Campochiaro PA, Jerdan JA, Glaser BM:  Serum contains chemoattractants for human retinal pigment epithelial cells . Arch Ophthalmol 1984;;102:1830-1833.
7 +
Bryan JA III, Campochiaro PA:  A retinal pigment epithelial cell-derived growth factor(s) . Arch Ophthalmol 1986;;104:422-425.
8 +
Campochiaro PA, Glaser BM:  Endothelial cells release a chemoattractant for retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:1876-1880.
9 +
Campochiaro PA, Glaser BM:  Plateletderived growth factor is chemotactic for human retinal pigment epithelial cells . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:576-579.
10 +
Campochiaro PA, Glaser BM:  Mechanisms involved in retinal pigment epithelial cell chemotaxis . Arch Ophthalmol 1986;;104:277-280.
11 +
Folkman J, Klagsbrun M:  Angiogenic factors . Science 1987;;235:442-447.
12 +
Rowen SL, Glaser BM:  Retinal pigment epithelial cells release a chemoattractant for astrocytes . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:704-707.
13 +
Bressler JP, Grotendorst GR, Levitov C, et al:  Chemotaxis of rat brain astrocytes to platelet derived growth factor . Brain Res 1985;;344:249-254.
14 +
Burke JM:  Cultured retinal glial cells are insensitive to platelet-derived growth factor . Exp Eye Res 1982;;35:663-669.
15 +
Yeo J, Sadeghi J, Campochiaro P, et al:  Intravitreous fibronectin and platelet-derived growth factor . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;104:417-421.
16 +
Grotendorst GR, Chang T, Seppa HEJ, et al:  Platelet-derived growth factor is a chemoattractant for vascular smooth muscle cells . J Cell Physiol 1982;;113:261-266.
17 +
Seppa H, Grotendorst G, Seppa S, et al:  Platelet-derived growth factor is chemotactic for fibroblasts . J Cell Biol 1982;;92:584-588.
18 +
Heldin CH, Westermark B, Wasteson A:  Specific receptors for platelet-derived growth factor on cells derived from connective tissue and glia . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981;;78:3664-3668.
19 +
Martinet Y, Bitterman P, Mornex J, et al:  Activated human monocytes express the c-sis proto-oncogene and release a mediator showing PDGF-like activity . Nature 1986;;319:158-160.
20 +
Di Corleto P, Bowen-Pope D:  Cultured endothelial cells produce a platelet-derived growth factor-like protein . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;;80:1919-1923.
21 +
Rowen S, Glaser BM:  Endothelial cells release a stimulator of astrocyte migration . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;;25:273.

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1 +
Hamilton C, Chandler D, Klintworth G, et al:  A transmission and scanning electron microscopic study of surgically excised preretinal membrane proliferations in diabetes mellitus . Am J Ophthalmol 1982;;94:473-488.
2 +
Van Horn DL, Aaberg T, Machemer R:  Glial cell proliferation in human retinal detachment with massive periretinal proliferation . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;;80:1-23.
3 +
Clarkson JC, Green WR, Massof O:  A histopathologic review of 168 cases of preretinal membrane . Am J Ophthalmol 1977;;84:1-17.
4 +
De Juan E Jr, Lambert H, Machemer R:  Recurrent proliferations in macular pucker, diabetic retinopathy and retrolental fibroplasia-like disease after vitrectomy . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1985;;223:174-183.
5 +
De Juan E Jr, Machemer R, Hatchell D:  Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study of glio-vascular membranes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;;26:23.
6 +
Campochiaro PA, Jerdan JA, Glaser BM:  Serum contains chemoattractants for human retinal pigment epithelial cells . Arch Ophthalmol 1984;;102:1830-1833.
7 +
Bryan JA III, Campochiaro PA:  A retinal pigment epithelial cell-derived growth factor(s) . Arch Ophthalmol 1986;;104:422-425.
8 +
Campochiaro PA, Glaser BM:  Endothelial cells release a chemoattractant for retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:1876-1880.
9 +
Campochiaro PA, Glaser BM:  Plateletderived growth factor is chemotactic for human retinal pigment epithelial cells . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:576-579.
10 +
Campochiaro PA, Glaser BM:  Mechanisms involved in retinal pigment epithelial cell chemotaxis . Arch Ophthalmol 1986;;104:277-280.
11 +
Folkman J, Klagsbrun M:  Angiogenic factors . Science 1987;;235:442-447.
12 +
Rowen SL, Glaser BM:  Retinal pigment epithelial cells release a chemoattractant for astrocytes . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:704-707.
13 +
Bressler JP, Grotendorst GR, Levitov C, et al:  Chemotaxis of rat brain astrocytes to platelet derived growth factor . Brain Res 1985;;344:249-254.
14 +
Burke JM:  Cultured retinal glial cells are insensitive to platelet-derived growth factor . Exp Eye Res 1982;;35:663-669.
15 +
Yeo J, Sadeghi J, Campochiaro P, et al:  Intravitreous fibronectin and platelet-derived growth factor . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;104:417-421.
16 +
Grotendorst GR, Chang T, Seppa HEJ, et al:  Platelet-derived growth factor is a chemoattractant for vascular smooth muscle cells . J Cell Physiol 1982;;113:261-266.
17 +
Seppa H, Grotendorst G, Seppa S, et al:  Platelet-derived growth factor is chemotactic for fibroblasts . J Cell Biol 1982;;92:584-588.
18 +
Heldin CH, Westermark B, Wasteson A:  Specific receptors for platelet-derived growth factor on cells derived from connective tissue and glia . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981;;78:3664-3668.
19 +
Martinet Y, Bitterman P, Mornex J, et al:  Activated human monocytes express the c-sis proto-oncogene and release a mediator showing PDGF-like activity . Nature 1986;;319:158-160.
20 +
Di Corleto P, Bowen-Pope D:  Cultured endothelial cells produce a platelet-derived growth factor-like protein . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;;80:1919-1923.
21 +
Rowen S, Glaser BM:  Endothelial cells release a stimulator of astrocyte migration . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;;25:273.

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