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February 1988, Vol 106, No. 2 >
ARTICLE | February 1988

Macular Degeneration: Title and subTitle BreakIs There a Nutritional Component? FREE

John J. Weiter, MD, PhD
Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106(2):183-184. doi:10.1001/archopht.1988.01060130193022
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Although the disciform type of senile macular degeneration (SMD) was first recognized in the last century,1 it was considered an uncommon condition; as recently as 1939, only 130 cases were reported in the literature.2 The clinical evolution of SMD was not understood, and concepts were based on morphologic findings of advanced cases. Hemorrhage in the subretinal space was recognized as an important feature,3 but neovascularization was thought to be secondary to fibrovascular organization of the blood.4 Although the term senile macular degeneration has been used since Haab5 in 1885 first described the clinical entity of pigmentary and atrophic changes in the macula, the close relationship between macular drusen6 and disciform macular degeneration was generally overlooked.7

See also p 192.

With the development of fluorescein fundus angiography, the evolution and morphology of SMD can be demonstrated during the lifetime of the patient. Utilizing this

REFERENCES

1 +
Oeller J: Atlas der ophthalmoskopischer Befunde . Wiesbaden, Germany, JF Bergman, 1893;.
2 +
Duke-Elder S: Textbook of Ophthalmology. London, Kimpton, 1940;, vol 3: Diseases of the Inner Eye , p 2116.
3 +
Junius P, Kuhnt H: Die scheibenformige Entartung der Netzhautmitte: Degeneratio Maculae Lutae disciformis . New York, S Karger AG, 1926;.
4 +
Maumenee AE:  Serous disciform detachment of the macula . Ophthalmology 1965;;69:691-699.
5 +
Haab O:  Erkrankungen der Macula Lutea . Zentralbl Augenheilkd 1885;;9:384-391.
6 +
Donders FC:  Beitrage zur pathologischen Anatomie des Auges . Arch Ophthalmol 1855;;1:106-118.
7 +
Gass JDM:  Drusen and disciform macular detachment and degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;;90:206-217.
8 +
Gass JDM:  Pathogenesis of disciform detachment of the neuroepithelium . Am J Ophthalmol 1967;;63:573-659.
9 +
Young RW:  Pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration . Surv Ophthalmol 1987;;31:291-306.
10 +
Wing GL, Blanchard GC, Weiter JJ:  The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal pigment epithelium . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1978;;17:601-607.
11 +
Weiter JJ, Delori FC, Wing GL, et al:  Retinal pigment epithelial lipofuscin and melanin and choroidal melanin in human eyes . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1986;;27;145-152.
12 +
Feeney-Burns L, Berman ER, Rothman H:  Lipofuscin of human retinal pigment epithelium . Am J Ophthalmol 1980;;90:783-791.
13 +
Weiter J:  Phototoxic changes in the retina , in Miller D (ed): Clinical Light Damage to the Eye . New York, Springer-Verlag NY Inc, 1987;, pp 79-125.
14 +
Hyman LG, Lilienfeld AM, Ferris FL III, et al:  Senile macular degeneration: A case control study . Am J Epidemiol 1963;;118:213-227.
15 +
Weiter JJ, Delori FC, Wing GL, et al:  Relationship of senile macular degeneration to ocular pigmentation . Am J Ophthalmol 1985;;99;185-187.
16 +
Blumenkranz MS, Russell SR, Robey MG, et al:  Risk factors in age-related maculopathy complicated by choroidal neovascularization . Ophthalmology 1986;;93:552-557.
17 +
Tso MO:  Pathogenetic factors of aging macular degeneration . Ophthalmology 1985;;92:628-635.
18 +
Newsome DA, Swartz M, Leone NC, et al:  Oral zinc in macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol 1988;;106:192-198.
19 +
Committee on Nutrition:  Zinc . Pediatrics 1978;;62:408-412.
20 +
Toskes P, Dawson W, Currington C, et al:  Non-diabetic retinal abnormalities in chronic pancreatitis . N Engl J Med 1979;;300:942-946.
21 +
Leure-Dupree AE, Bridges DB:  Changes in retinal morphology and vitamin A metabolism as a consequence of decreased zinc availability . Retina 1982;;2:294-302.
22 +
Silverstone BZ, Landau L, Berson D, et al:  Zinc and copper metabolism in patients with senile macular degeneration . Ann Ophthalmol 1985;;17:419-422.

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1 +
Oeller J: Atlas der ophthalmoskopischer Befunde . Wiesbaden, Germany, JF Bergman, 1893;.
2 +
Duke-Elder S: Textbook of Ophthalmology. London, Kimpton, 1940;, vol 3: Diseases of the Inner Eye , p 2116.
3 +
Junius P, Kuhnt H: Die scheibenformige Entartung der Netzhautmitte: Degeneratio Maculae Lutae disciformis . New York, S Karger AG, 1926;.
4 +
Maumenee AE:  Serous disciform detachment of the macula . Ophthalmology 1965;;69:691-699.
5 +
Haab O:  Erkrankungen der Macula Lutea . Zentralbl Augenheilkd 1885;;9:384-391.
6 +
Donders FC:  Beitrage zur pathologischen Anatomie des Auges . Arch Ophthalmol 1855;;1:106-118.
7 +
Gass JDM:  Drusen and disciform macular detachment and degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;;90:206-217.
8 +
Gass JDM:  Pathogenesis of disciform detachment of the neuroepithelium . Am J Ophthalmol 1967;;63:573-659.
9 +
Young RW:  Pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration . Surv Ophthalmol 1987;;31:291-306.
10 +
Wing GL, Blanchard GC, Weiter JJ:  The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal pigment epithelium . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1978;;17:601-607.
11 +
Weiter JJ, Delori FC, Wing GL, et al:  Retinal pigment epithelial lipofuscin and melanin and choroidal melanin in human eyes . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1986;;27;145-152.
12 +
Feeney-Burns L, Berman ER, Rothman H:  Lipofuscin of human retinal pigment epithelium . Am J Ophthalmol 1980;;90:783-791.
13 +
Weiter J:  Phototoxic changes in the retina , in Miller D (ed): Clinical Light Damage to the Eye . New York, Springer-Verlag NY Inc, 1987;, pp 79-125.
14 +
Hyman LG, Lilienfeld AM, Ferris FL III, et al:  Senile macular degeneration: A case control study . Am J Epidemiol 1963;;118:213-227.
15 +
Weiter JJ, Delori FC, Wing GL, et al:  Relationship of senile macular degeneration to ocular pigmentation . Am J Ophthalmol 1985;;99;185-187.
16 +
Blumenkranz MS, Russell SR, Robey MG, et al:  Risk factors in age-related maculopathy complicated by choroidal neovascularization . Ophthalmology 1986;;93:552-557.
17 +
Tso MO:  Pathogenetic factors of aging macular degeneration . Ophthalmology 1985;;92:628-635.
18 +
Newsome DA, Swartz M, Leone NC, et al:  Oral zinc in macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol 1988;;106:192-198.
19 +
Committee on Nutrition:  Zinc . Pediatrics 1978;;62:408-412.
20 +
Toskes P, Dawson W, Currington C, et al:  Non-diabetic retinal abnormalities in chronic pancreatitis . N Engl J Med 1979;;300:942-946.
21 +
Leure-Dupree AE, Bridges DB:  Changes in retinal morphology and vitamin A metabolism as a consequence of decreased zinc availability . Retina 1982;;2:294-302.
22 +
Silverstone BZ, Landau L, Berson D, et al:  Zinc and copper metabolism in patients with senile macular degeneration . Ann Ophthalmol 1985;;17:419-422.

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