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June 1988, Vol 106, No. 6 >
ARTICLE | June 1988

Glaucoma in Blacks FREE

Claude L. Cowan, Jr, MD; David M. Worthen, MD; Roger P. Mason, MD; Alfred L. Anduze, MD
Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106(6):738-739. doi:10.1001/archopht.1988.01060130808027
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In March 1987, the Division of Ophthalmology at Howard University, Washington, DC, and St Croix (Virgin Islands) Hospital sponsored a symposium on glaucoma. This effort represented a recognition that the black population of the United States, particularly the economically disadvantaged, and the predominantly black population of the Caribbean basin share an increased risk of visual loss from glaucoma.

Several investigators have noted that blacks represent a disproportionate share of the glaucoma population.1,2 They are also at several times greater risk for blindness from this disease.3,4 While relatively little information is available on the prevalence of nonblinding glaucoma in blacks, the 1.4% rate reported by Wallace and Lovell5 in Jamaica is in contrast to the 0.47% prevalence reported by Hollows and Graham6 using a similar study design in Wales. Other studies have reported rates from 0.41% to 0.86% in Western Europe.7-10 A higher prevalence of glaucoma

REFERENCES

1 +
Wilensky JT, Gandhi N, Pan T:  Racial influences in open angle glaucoma . Ann Ophthalmol 1978;;10:1398-1402.
2 +
Martin MJ, Sommer A, Gold EB, et al:  Race and primary open angle glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 1985;;99:383-387.
3 +
Hiller R, Kahn H:  Blindness from glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;;80:62-69.
4 +
Grant WM, Burke JF:  Why do some people go blind from glaucoma? Ophthalmology 1982;;89:991-998.
5 +
Wallace J, Lovell HG:  Glaucoma and intraocular pressure in Jamaica . Am J Ophthalmol 1969;;67:93-100.
6 +
Hollows FC, Graham PA:  Intraocular pressure, glaucoma, and glaucoma suspects in a defined population . Br J Ophthalmol 1966;;50:570-586.
7 +
Stromberg U:  Ocular hypertension . Acta Ophthalmologica 1962;;69( (suppl) ):7-75.
8 +
Bankes JLK, Perkins ES, Tsolakis S, et al:  Bedford Glaucoma Survey . Br Med J 1968;;1:791-796.
9 +
Viggósson G, Björnsson G, Ingvason JG:  The prevalence of open angle glaucoma in Iceland . Acta Ophthalmologica 1986;;64:138-141.
10 +
Bengtsson B:  The prevalence of glaucoma . Br J Ophthalmol 1981;;65:46-49.
11 +
Kahn HA, Leibowitz HM, Ganley JP, et al:  The Framingham Eye Study: I. Outline and major prevalence findings . Am J Epidemiol 1977;;106:17-32.
12 +
Coulehan JL, Helzlsouer KJ, Rogers KD, et al:  Racial differences in intraocular tension and glaucoma surgery . Am J Epidemiol 1980;;111:759-768.
13 +
Hiller R, Sperduto RD, Krueger DE:  Race, iris pigmentation, and intraocular pressure . Am J Epidemiol 1982;;115:674-683.
14 +
Melikian HE, Lieberman TW, Leopold IH:  Ocular pigmentation and pressure and outflow responses to pilocarpine and epinephrine . Am J Ophthalmol 1971;;72:70-73.
15 +
Katz IM, Berger ET:  Effects of iris pigmentation on response of ocular pressure to timolol . Surv Ophthalmol 1979;;23:395-398.
16 +
Merritt JC, Perry DD, Ellison PS, et al:  Effects of pilocarpine in blacks with open angle glaucoma . Glaucoma 1985;;7:127-130.
17 +
Schwartz AL, Love DC, Schwartz MA:  Long-term follow-up of argon laser trabeculoplasty for uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:1482-1484.
18 +
Kahn HA, Moorhead AB: Statistics on Blindness in the Model Reporting Area, 1969-1970 . US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication (NIH) 73-427. Government Printing Office, 1973;.
19 +
Welsh NH:  Failure of filtration operations in the African . Br J Ophthalmol 1970;;54:594-598.
20 +
Freedman J, Kopelwitz W:  Long term results of trabeculectomy in a black population . Glaucoma 1982;;4:123-124.
21 +
Amoni SS:  Trabeculectomy in chronic open angle glaucoma in Nigerians . Glaucoma 1984;;6:161-165.
22 +
David R, Livingston D, Luntz MH:  Ocular hypertension: A comparative follow-up of black and white patients . Br J Ophthalmol 1978;;62:676-678.

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1 +
Wilensky JT, Gandhi N, Pan T:  Racial influences in open angle glaucoma . Ann Ophthalmol 1978;;10:1398-1402.
2 +
Martin MJ, Sommer A, Gold EB, et al:  Race and primary open angle glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 1985;;99:383-387.
3 +
Hiller R, Kahn H:  Blindness from glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;;80:62-69.
4 +
Grant WM, Burke JF:  Why do some people go blind from glaucoma? Ophthalmology 1982;;89:991-998.
5 +
Wallace J, Lovell HG:  Glaucoma and intraocular pressure in Jamaica . Am J Ophthalmol 1969;;67:93-100.
6 +
Hollows FC, Graham PA:  Intraocular pressure, glaucoma, and glaucoma suspects in a defined population . Br J Ophthalmol 1966;;50:570-586.
7 +
Stromberg U:  Ocular hypertension . Acta Ophthalmologica 1962;;69( (suppl) ):7-75.
8 +
Bankes JLK, Perkins ES, Tsolakis S, et al:  Bedford Glaucoma Survey . Br Med J 1968;;1:791-796.
9 +
Viggósson G, Björnsson G, Ingvason JG:  The prevalence of open angle glaucoma in Iceland . Acta Ophthalmologica 1986;;64:138-141.
10 +
Bengtsson B:  The prevalence of glaucoma . Br J Ophthalmol 1981;;65:46-49.
11 +
Kahn HA, Leibowitz HM, Ganley JP, et al:  The Framingham Eye Study: I. Outline and major prevalence findings . Am J Epidemiol 1977;;106:17-32.
12 +
Coulehan JL, Helzlsouer KJ, Rogers KD, et al:  Racial differences in intraocular tension and glaucoma surgery . Am J Epidemiol 1980;;111:759-768.
13 +
Hiller R, Sperduto RD, Krueger DE:  Race, iris pigmentation, and intraocular pressure . Am J Epidemiol 1982;;115:674-683.
14 +
Melikian HE, Lieberman TW, Leopold IH:  Ocular pigmentation and pressure and outflow responses to pilocarpine and epinephrine . Am J Ophthalmol 1971;;72:70-73.
15 +
Katz IM, Berger ET:  Effects of iris pigmentation on response of ocular pressure to timolol . Surv Ophthalmol 1979;;23:395-398.
16 +
Merritt JC, Perry DD, Ellison PS, et al:  Effects of pilocarpine in blacks with open angle glaucoma . Glaucoma 1985;;7:127-130.
17 +
Schwartz AL, Love DC, Schwartz MA:  Long-term follow-up of argon laser trabeculoplasty for uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 1985;;103:1482-1484.
18 +
Kahn HA, Moorhead AB: Statistics on Blindness in the Model Reporting Area, 1969-1970 . US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication (NIH) 73-427. Government Printing Office, 1973;.
19 +
Welsh NH:  Failure of filtration operations in the African . Br J Ophthalmol 1970;;54:594-598.
20 +
Freedman J, Kopelwitz W:  Long term results of trabeculectomy in a black population . Glaucoma 1982;;4:123-124.
21 +
Amoni SS:  Trabeculectomy in chronic open angle glaucoma in Nigerians . Glaucoma 1984;;6:161-165.
22 +
David R, Livingston D, Luntz MH:  Ocular hypertension: A comparative follow-up of black and white patients . Br J Ophthalmol 1978;;62:676-678.

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