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Medical Ethics and the Excimer Laser FREE

Samuel Packer, MD
Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(5):666-667. doi:10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150668020
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The INTRODUCTION of the excimer laser for photorefractive keratotomy (PRK) has brought with it not only a new technology but a new partner in medical care. New corporations have been established to help introduce this new technology. This is no doubt in part due to the high cost but also may be due to the fact that the marketing required to achieve economic viability is something that medical professionals are either uncomfortable with or would rather that someone else do.1

Thus, new contractual relationships between ophthalmologists and laser companies are being formed. This may allow for more citizens to be informed of this new technology and for it to be made more readily available to them. However, this new technology and this new partnership have the potential to create notable ethical problems, in areas such as (1) agency, (2) conflicts of interest, (3) informed consent, (4) marketing and advertising,

REFERENCES

Olson RJ.  Photorefractive keratoplasty: photorefractive keratomania . Arch Ophthalmol . 1996;;114:338-339.
American Academy of Ophthalmology.  Rule 15: conflict of interest . In: Code of Ethics . San Francisco, Calif: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 1997;:15.
Bayles MD.  The professions . In: Callahan JC, ed. Ethical Issues in Professional Life . New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1988;:27-30.
Thompson DF.  Understanding financial conflicts of interest . N Engl J Med . 1993;;329:573-576.
Pellegrino ED.  Interests, obligations and justice: some notes toward an ethic of managed care . J Clin Ethics . 1995;;6:312-317.
House of Delegates of the American Medical Association. Conflicts of Interest—Guidelines: Report of the Judicial Council of the American Medical Association . Chicago, III: American Medical Association; 1984;.
Butuner Z, Elliott DB, Gimbel NV, Slimmon S.  Visual function one year after excimer laser photorefractive keratotomy . J Refract Corneal Surg . 1994;;10:625-630.
Henahan J.  Surgeons report complications . Ophthalmology Times . (November 6-12) , 1995;:10.
Snibson GR, Carson CA, Aldred CF, Taylor HR, for the Melbourne Excimer Laser Group.  One-year evaluation of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism . Arch Ophthalmol . 1995;;113:994-1000.
O'Bart DP, Lohmann CP, Fitzke PW, et al.  Disturbances in night vision after excimer laser photorefractive keratotomy . Eye . 1994;;8:46-51.
Klaidman S. Health in the Headlines . New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1991;:3-22.
Kronemyer B.  PRK promotion to embrace print, TV, and radio . Ocular Surgery News . (December 1) , 1995;:36.
Relman AS.  Dealing with conflicts of interests . N Engl J Med . 1985;;313:745-751.
Rodwin M. Medicine, Money and Morals . New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1993;.
Carr AZ.  Can an executive afford a conscience?  In: Anderson KR, ed. Ethics in Practice . Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press; 1989;:26-34.

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Olson RJ.  Photorefractive keratoplasty: photorefractive keratomania . Arch Ophthalmol . 1996;;114:338-339.
American Academy of Ophthalmology.  Rule 15: conflict of interest . In: Code of Ethics . San Francisco, Calif: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 1997;:15.
Bayles MD.  The professions . In: Callahan JC, ed. Ethical Issues in Professional Life . New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1988;:27-30.
Thompson DF.  Understanding financial conflicts of interest . N Engl J Med . 1993;;329:573-576.
Pellegrino ED.  Interests, obligations and justice: some notes toward an ethic of managed care . J Clin Ethics . 1995;;6:312-317.
House of Delegates of the American Medical Association. Conflicts of Interest—Guidelines: Report of the Judicial Council of the American Medical Association . Chicago, III: American Medical Association; 1984;.
Butuner Z, Elliott DB, Gimbel NV, Slimmon S.  Visual function one year after excimer laser photorefractive keratotomy . J Refract Corneal Surg . 1994;;10:625-630.
Henahan J.  Surgeons report complications . Ophthalmology Times . (November 6-12) , 1995;:10.
Snibson GR, Carson CA, Aldred CF, Taylor HR, for the Melbourne Excimer Laser Group.  One-year evaluation of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism . Arch Ophthalmol . 1995;;113:994-1000.
O'Bart DP, Lohmann CP, Fitzke PW, et al.  Disturbances in night vision after excimer laser photorefractive keratotomy . Eye . 1994;;8:46-51.
Klaidman S. Health in the Headlines . New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1991;:3-22.
Kronemyer B.  PRK promotion to embrace print, TV, and radio . Ocular Surgery News . (December 1) , 1995;:36.
Relman AS.  Dealing with conflicts of interests . N Engl J Med . 1985;;313:745-751.
Rodwin M. Medicine, Money and Morals . New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1993;.
Carr AZ.  Can an executive afford a conscience?  In: Anderson KR, ed. Ethics in Practice . Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press; 1989;:26-34.

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