Cogan, D. G., and Kinsey, V. E.: The Cornea: I. Transfer of Water and Sodium Chloride by Osmosis and Diffusion Through the Excised Cornea , Arch. Ophth. 27:466 (
(March)
) 1942;
II. Transfer of Water and Sodium Chloride by Hydrostatic Pressure Through the Excised Cornea , Arch. Ophth. 27:696 (
(April)
) 1942;.
Chevreuil: De l'influence que l'eau exerce sur plusieurs substances azotées solides , Ann. clin. et physiol. 19:32-60, 1821;.
Donders, F. C.: Imbibitionserscheinungen der Hornhaut und Sclerotica , Arch. f. Ophth. (
(pt. 1)
) 3:166-176, 1857;.
Schweigger-Seidel, F.: Ueber die Grundsubstanz und die Zellen der Hornhaut des Auges , Ber. d. Gesellsch. d. Wissensch. zu Leipzig 21:305-359, 1869;.
Leber, T.: Cirkulations- und Ernährungsverhältnisse des Auges , in Graefe, A., and Saemisch, E. T.: Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde , ed. 2, Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1903;, vol. 2, pt. 2, chap. 11, p. 363.
Bullot, G.: On the Swelling of Organic Tissues—Researches on the Cornea , Am. J. Physiol. 12:297-303, 1904;.
Fischer, F. P.: Ueber die Beschaffenheit der äusseren Bulbushüllen bei abnormen intraokularen Druck , Arch. f. Augenh. 103:1-75, 1930;.
The necessity of considering the pH when evaluating the effect of a salt on swelling in a particular strength acid or alkali has been repeatedly stressed in the literature, especially by Loeb. The influence of the pH on the results reported by Fischer may best be illustrated by an example. Fischer allowed a piece of cornea to swell in a solution composed of 5 cc. of 0.4 normal hydrochloric acid, 8 cc. of water and 12 cc. of 0.4 molar sodium chloride solution and in a solution containing the same dilution of acid with 12 cc. of 0.4 molar sodium acetate solution. The cornea swelled to 5.2 times its original thickness in the former solution and did not swell at all in the latter. Disregarding the slight increase in pH in both solutions due to the presence of the cornea itself, we found the pH to be 2.17 for the sodium chloride solution and 4.80 for the sodium acetate solution. Thus the difference in the degree of swelling may be entirely a pH effect and have nothing to do with the properties of the salt.
Heringa, G. C., and Weidinger, A.: Structure and Importance of Connective Tissue: XI. Water Binding in the Intermediary Substance , Nederl. tijdschr. v. geneesk. 84:4907-4917, 1940;.
Leyns, W. F.; Heringa, C., and Weidinger, A.: Water Binding Capacity of Cornea , Acta brev. Neerland. 10:25-26, 1940;.
Kunitz, M.: Elasticity, Double Refraction and Swelling of Isoelectric Gelatin , J. Gen. Physiol. 13:565-606, 1930;.