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October 1952, Vol 48, No. 4 >
ARTICLE | October 1952

OCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN THE RAT MADE DIABETIC WITH ALLOXAN FREE

R. G. JANES, Ph.D.; G. W. BOUNDS, Jr., M.D.; P. J. LEINFELDER, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

These studies were aided by grants from the National Council to Combat Blindness upon recommendation of its Medical Consultants and the Central Scientific Funds, State University of Iowa.


Arch Ophthalmol. 1952;48(4):414-419. doi:10.1001/archopht.1952.00920010423003
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CATARACTS in rats made diabetic by pancreatectomy were observed by Foglia and Cramer1 in 1944, and in the same year Bailey, Bailey, and Leech2 reported cataracts in rats made diabetic with alloxan. Since these earlier studies, many investigators have obtained cataracts in diabetic rats. Most workers have pointed out that high blood sugar levels are imperative for cataract formation. This has been stressed in the recent publications of Sterling and Day3 and Patterson.4 By altering experimental diets, mainly by reducing the carbohydrate content, Charalampous and Hegsted5 and Rodriguez and Krehl6 have prevented cataract formation or delayed its onset in the diabetic rat. Kok-van Alphen7 found that if the diabetes in the rat was controlled with insulin, cataract failed to develop. The work cited demonstrates that cataract occurs either because of failure of the lens to metabolize glucose or because the high aqueous sugar

REFERENCES

1 +
Foglia, V. G., and Cramer, F. K.:  Experimental Production of Diabetic Cataract in the Rat , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 55:218, 1944;.
2 +
Bailey, C. C.; Bailey, O. T., and Leech, R. S.:  Alloxan Diabetes with Diabetic Complications , New England J. Med. 230:533, 1944;.
3 +
Sterling, R. E., and Day, P. L.:  Blood Sugar Levels and Cataract in Alloxan-Treated Galactose-Fed and Xylose-Fed Weanling Rats , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 78:431, 1951;.
4 +
Patterson, J. W.:  The Course of Diabetes and Development of Cataracts After Injection of Dehydroascorbic Acid and Related Substances , Am. J. Physiol. 165:61, 1951;.
5 +
Charalampous, F. C., and Hegsted, D. M.:  Effect of Age and Diet on the Development of Cataracts in the Diabetic Rat , Am. J. Physiol. 161:540, 1950;.
6 +
Rodriguez, R. R., and Krehl, W. A.:  Influence of Diet and Insulin on the Incidence of Cataracts in Diabetic Rats , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 24:103, 1951;.
7 +
Kok-van Alphen, C. C., and Cohen, E. M.:  The Occurrence of Cataract in Alloxan Diabetic Rats , Acta physiol. et pharmacol. neerl. 1:400, 1950;.
8 +
Janes, R. G.:  Comparative Study of the Ketogenic Activity of Certain Niacin Compounds , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 75:246, 1950;.
9 +
Janes, R. G., and Boeke, L.:  Action of Priscoline and Niacin on Certain Phases of Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism , Am. J. Physiol. 167:799, 1951;.
10 +
The nicotinic acid was supplied through the courtesy of Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc., Nutley, N. J.
11 +
Hubbell, R. B.; Mendel, L. B., and Wakeman, A. J.:  A New Salt Mixture for Use in Experimental Diets , J. Nutrition 14:273, 1937;.
12 +
Somogyi, M.:  Determination of Blood Sugar , J. Biol. Chem. 160:69, 1945;.
13 +
Bellows, J. G., and Shoch, D. E.:  Alloxan Diabetes and the Lens , Am. J. Ophth. 33:1555, 1950;.
14 +
Sterling and Day.3 Patterson.4
15 +
Charalampous and Hegsted.5 Rodriguez and Krehl.6

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1 +
Foglia, V. G., and Cramer, F. K.:  Experimental Production of Diabetic Cataract in the Rat , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 55:218, 1944;.
2 +
Bailey, C. C.; Bailey, O. T., and Leech, R. S.:  Alloxan Diabetes with Diabetic Complications , New England J. Med. 230:533, 1944;.
3 +
Sterling, R. E., and Day, P. L.:  Blood Sugar Levels and Cataract in Alloxan-Treated Galactose-Fed and Xylose-Fed Weanling Rats , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 78:431, 1951;.
4 +
Patterson, J. W.:  The Course of Diabetes and Development of Cataracts After Injection of Dehydroascorbic Acid and Related Substances , Am. J. Physiol. 165:61, 1951;.
5 +
Charalampous, F. C., and Hegsted, D. M.:  Effect of Age and Diet on the Development of Cataracts in the Diabetic Rat , Am. J. Physiol. 161:540, 1950;.
6 +
Rodriguez, R. R., and Krehl, W. A.:  Influence of Diet and Insulin on the Incidence of Cataracts in Diabetic Rats , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 24:103, 1951;.
7 +
Kok-van Alphen, C. C., and Cohen, E. M.:  The Occurrence of Cataract in Alloxan Diabetic Rats , Acta physiol. et pharmacol. neerl. 1:400, 1950;.
8 +
Janes, R. G.:  Comparative Study of the Ketogenic Activity of Certain Niacin Compounds , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 75:246, 1950;.
9 +
Janes, R. G., and Boeke, L.:  Action of Priscoline and Niacin on Certain Phases of Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism , Am. J. Physiol. 167:799, 1951;.
10 +
The nicotinic acid was supplied through the courtesy of Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc., Nutley, N. J.
11 +
Hubbell, R. B.; Mendel, L. B., and Wakeman, A. J.:  A New Salt Mixture for Use in Experimental Diets , J. Nutrition 14:273, 1937;.
12 +
Somogyi, M.:  Determination of Blood Sugar , J. Biol. Chem. 160:69, 1945;.
13 +
Bellows, J. G., and Shoch, D. E.:  Alloxan Diabetes and the Lens , Am. J. Ophth. 33:1555, 1950;.
14 +
Sterling and Day.3 Patterson.4
15 +
Charalampous and Hegsted.5 Rodriguez and Krehl.6

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