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Horizontal Cell of the Mammal Retina FREE

Francisco M. Honrubia, MD; James H. Elliott, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Jan 8, 1969.

Read before the Association for Research in Ophthalmology at the annual meeting, Chicago, Oct 24, 1968.

Reprint requests to the Division of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, Tenn 37203 (Dr. Honrubia).


Arch Ophthalmol. 1969;82(1):98-104. doi:10.1001/archopht.1969.00990020100024
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The horizontal cells of the cat and rabbit retina have been studied with silver impregnation of whole, flat retinal preparations.

In both mammals, the presence of two different types of horizontal cells have been identified: (a) a symmetrical star-shaped cell in which all the dendrites are of approximately equal length and (b) an asymmetrical horizontal cell. Typical axons were not observed in either cell type.

The ratio of these two types of horizontal cells was different in the two species studied. The proportion of symmetrical to asymmetrical cells was 25:1 and 1:1 in the cat and rabbit, respectively. Another difference between these two mammals was the larger diameter of the dendritic field in the rabbit retina for both symmetrical and asymmetrical cells.

Otherwise the horizontal cells in these two species shared some similarities. The densities of the horizontal cells in the peripheral, peripapillary, and area centralis zones were comparable. Furthermore, the size of the cell body and dendritic field of the horizontal cells in each species varied depending on the retinal region surveyed.

REFERENCES

Barlow, H.B.:  The Mechanism of Directionally Selective Units in Rabbit's Retina , J Physiol 178:477-504 ( (June) ) 1965;.
Michael, C.R.:  Receptive Fields of Single Optic Nerve Fibers in a Mammal With All-Cone Retina: II. Directionally Selective Units , J Neurophysiol 31:257-267 ( (March) ) 1968;.
Cajal, S.R.:  La retina des vertébrés , Cellule 9:119-259, 1892-1893;.
Cajal, S.R.: Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertébrés , Madrid: Instituto Ramón y Cajal, vol 2, 1955;, pp 309-314.
Polyak, S.: The Retina , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1941;, pp 257-264.
Gallego, A.:  Description d'une nouvelle couche cellulaire dans la rétine des mammifères et son rôle fonctionnel possible , Bull Assoc Anat 49:624-631 ( (June) ) 1964;.
Gallego, A.:  Connexions tranversales au niveau des couches plexiformes de la rètine , Actualites Neurophysiol 6:5-20 ( (Jan) ) 1965;.
Lessele, S., and Kuwabara, T.:  Retinal Neuroglia , Arch Ophthal 70:671-678 ( (Nov) ) 1963;.
Honrubia, F.M.: Estudio de los campos anatómicos de las células ganglionares de la retina, thesis, Madrid, July, 1966, pp 64-66.
Honrubia, F.M.:  Estudio de los campos anatómicos de las células ganglionares de la retina , Arch Soc Oftal Hisp-Amer 26:693-720 ( (Aug) ) 1967;.
Leicester, J., and Stone, J.:  Ganglion, Amacrine and Horizontal Cells of the Cat's Retina , Vision Res 7:695-705 ( (Oct) ) 1967;.
Dowling, J.E.; Brown, J.E.; and Major, D.:  Synapses of Horizontal Cells in Rabbit and Cat Retinas , Science 153:1639-1941 ( (Sept 30) ) 1966;.
Gallego, A.:  Impregnación argentica de la retina entera , An Inst Farmacol 2:171-177 ( (Dec) ) 1953;.
Langeron, M.: Précis de microscopie , Paris: Masson et Cie., 1949;, p 1176.
Honrubia, F.M., and Elliott, J.H.:  Efferent Innervation of the Retina , Arch Ophthal 80:98-103 ( (July) ) 1968;.
Yamada, E., and Ishikawa, T.:  The Fine Structure of the Horizontal Cells in Some Vertebrate Retinae , Sympos Quant Biol 30:383-392, 1965;.
Villegas, G.M.:  Electron Microscopic Study of the Vertebrate Retina , J Gen Physiol 43:15-49 ( (July) ) 1960;.
Stell, W.K.:  Correlation of Retinal Cytoarchitecture and Ultrastructure in Golgi Preparations , Anat Rec 153:389-397 ( (Dec) ) 1965;.
Stell, W.K.:  The Structure and Relationships of Horizontal Cells and Photoreceptor-bipolar Synaptic Complexes in Goldfish Retina , Amer J Anat 121:401-413 ( (Sept) ) 1967;.
Parthe, V.:  Células horizontales y amacrinas della retina , Acta Cient Venez 3:245-249 ( (Nov) ) 1967;.
Dowling, J.E., and Boycott, B.B.:  Organization of the Primate Retina: Electron Microscopy , Proc Roy Soc series B , 166:80-111 ( (Nov 15) ) 1966;.

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Barlow, H.B.:  The Mechanism of Directionally Selective Units in Rabbit's Retina , J Physiol 178:477-504 ( (June) ) 1965;.
Michael, C.R.:  Receptive Fields of Single Optic Nerve Fibers in a Mammal With All-Cone Retina: II. Directionally Selective Units , J Neurophysiol 31:257-267 ( (March) ) 1968;.
Cajal, S.R.:  La retina des vertébrés , Cellule 9:119-259, 1892-1893;.
Cajal, S.R.: Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertébrés , Madrid: Instituto Ramón y Cajal, vol 2, 1955;, pp 309-314.
Polyak, S.: The Retina , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1941;, pp 257-264.
Gallego, A.:  Description d'une nouvelle couche cellulaire dans la rétine des mammifères et son rôle fonctionnel possible , Bull Assoc Anat 49:624-631 ( (June) ) 1964;.
Gallego, A.:  Connexions tranversales au niveau des couches plexiformes de la rètine , Actualites Neurophysiol 6:5-20 ( (Jan) ) 1965;.
Lessele, S., and Kuwabara, T.:  Retinal Neuroglia , Arch Ophthal 70:671-678 ( (Nov) ) 1963;.
Honrubia, F.M.: Estudio de los campos anatómicos de las células ganglionares de la retina, thesis, Madrid, July, 1966, pp 64-66.
Honrubia, F.M.:  Estudio de los campos anatómicos de las células ganglionares de la retina , Arch Soc Oftal Hisp-Amer 26:693-720 ( (Aug) ) 1967;.
Leicester, J., and Stone, J.:  Ganglion, Amacrine and Horizontal Cells of the Cat's Retina , Vision Res 7:695-705 ( (Oct) ) 1967;.
Dowling, J.E.; Brown, J.E.; and Major, D.:  Synapses of Horizontal Cells in Rabbit and Cat Retinas , Science 153:1639-1941 ( (Sept 30) ) 1966;.
Gallego, A.:  Impregnación argentica de la retina entera , An Inst Farmacol 2:171-177 ( (Dec) ) 1953;.
Langeron, M.: Précis de microscopie , Paris: Masson et Cie., 1949;, p 1176.
Honrubia, F.M., and Elliott, J.H.:  Efferent Innervation of the Retina , Arch Ophthal 80:98-103 ( (July) ) 1968;.
Yamada, E., and Ishikawa, T.:  The Fine Structure of the Horizontal Cells in Some Vertebrate Retinae , Sympos Quant Biol 30:383-392, 1965;.
Villegas, G.M.:  Electron Microscopic Study of the Vertebrate Retina , J Gen Physiol 43:15-49 ( (July) ) 1960;.
Stell, W.K.:  Correlation of Retinal Cytoarchitecture and Ultrastructure in Golgi Preparations , Anat Rec 153:389-397 ( (Dec) ) 1965;.
Stell, W.K.:  The Structure and Relationships of Horizontal Cells and Photoreceptor-bipolar Synaptic Complexes in Goldfish Retina , Amer J Anat 121:401-413 ( (Sept) ) 1967;.
Parthe, V.:  Células horizontales y amacrinas della retina , Acta Cient Venez 3:245-249 ( (Nov) ) 1967;.
Dowling, J.E., and Boycott, B.B.:  Organization of the Primate Retina: Electron Microscopy , Proc Roy Soc series B , 166:80-111 ( (Nov 15) ) 1966;.

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