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July 1971, Vol 86, No. 1 >
ARTICLE | July 1971

Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Human Retinal Tissue: Title and subTitle BreakEnzyme Activity in the Normal Retina and Cortisol Induction in Cultured Cells Derived From Retinoblastoma FREE

Liane Reif-Lehrer, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Nov 24, 1970.

Reprint requests to Howe Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St, Boston 02114 (Dr. Reif-Lehrer).


Arch Ophthalmol. 1971;86(1):72-76. doi:10.1001/archopht.1971.01000010074014
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References
Comments

Cells derived from a retinoblastoma from a 3-year-old boy have been cultured for two years; these cells have no glutamine synthetase activity. Evidence is presented that a normal human retina of this age should have appreciable amounts of this enzyme activity. The tumor derived cells can be induced for the enzyme by 14 or more days treatment with 0.5μg to 1.0μg/ml of cortisol.

REFERENCES

1 +
Rudnick D, Waelsch HJ:  Development of glutamotransferase and glutamine synthetase in the nervous system of the chick . Exp Zool 129:309, 1955;.
2 +
Moscona AA, Kirk DL:  Control of glutamine synthetase in the embryonic retina in vitro . Science 148:519, 1965;.
3 +
Reif L, Amos H:  A dialyzable inducer for the glutamotransferase of chick embryo retina . Biochem Biophys Res Comm 23:39, 1966;.
4 +
Moscona AA, Piddington R:  Stimulation by hydrocortisone of premature changes in the developmental pattern of glutamine synthetase in embryonic retina . Biochim Biophys Acta 121:409, 1966;.
5 +
Reif-Lehrer L, Amos H:  Hydrocortisone requirement for the induction of glutamine synthetase in chick-embryo retinas . Biochem J 106:425, 1968;.
6 +
Wu C:  Glutamine synthetase: I. A comparative study of its distribution in animals and its inhibition by DL-allo-δ-hydroxylysine . Comp Biochem Physiol 8:335, 1963;.
7 +
Lund P, Goldstein L:  Glutamine synthetase activity in tissues of lower vertebrates . Comp Biochem Physiol 31:205, 1969;.
8 +
Piddington R, Moscona AA:  Correspondence between glutamine synthetase activity and differentiation in the embryonic retina in situ and in culture . J Cell Biol 27:247, 1965;.
9 +
Sheffield JB, Fischman DA:  Intercellular junctions in the developing neural retina of the chick embryo . Z Zellforsch 104:405, 1970;.
10 +
Amos H, Moore MO:  The influence of bacterial ribonucleic acid on animal cells in culture . Exp Cell Res 32:1, 1963;.
11 +
Waelsch H:  Glutamotransferase (α-glutamyltransferase) , Colowick SP, Kaplan NO (eds): Methods in Enzymology . New York, Academic Press, 1955;, vol 2, p 267.
12 +
Thorndike J, Reif-Lehrer L: A sensitive assay for glutamyltransferase. Enzym Biol Clin, to be published.
13 +
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al:  Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent . J Biol Chem 193:265, 1951;.
14 +
Albert DM, Rabson AS, Dalton AJ:  Tissue culture study of human retinoblastoma . Invest Ophthal 9:64, 1970;.
15 +
Chader GJ, Saunders LR, Reif-Lehrer L:  Glutamine synthetase in the normal human retina . Arch Ophthal 85:286-287, 1971;.
16 +
Mann I: The Development of the Human Eye . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1964;.
17 +
Morris JE, Moscona AA:  Induction of glutamine synthetase in embryonic retina: Its dependence on cell interactions . Science 167:1736, 1970;.
18 +
De Mar R:  The inhibition by glutamine of glutamyl-transferase formation in cultures of human cells . Biochim Biophys Acta 27:435, 1958;.
19 +
Barnes PR, Youngberg D, Kitos PA: Factors affecting the production of glutamine in cultured mouse cells. J Cell Physiol, to be published.

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1 +
Rudnick D, Waelsch HJ:  Development of glutamotransferase and glutamine synthetase in the nervous system of the chick . Exp Zool 129:309, 1955;.
2 +
Moscona AA, Kirk DL:  Control of glutamine synthetase in the embryonic retina in vitro . Science 148:519, 1965;.
3 +
Reif L, Amos H:  A dialyzable inducer for the glutamotransferase of chick embryo retina . Biochem Biophys Res Comm 23:39, 1966;.
4 +
Moscona AA, Piddington R:  Stimulation by hydrocortisone of premature changes in the developmental pattern of glutamine synthetase in embryonic retina . Biochim Biophys Acta 121:409, 1966;.
5 +
Reif-Lehrer L, Amos H:  Hydrocortisone requirement for the induction of glutamine synthetase in chick-embryo retinas . Biochem J 106:425, 1968;.
6 +
Wu C:  Glutamine synthetase: I. A comparative study of its distribution in animals and its inhibition by DL-allo-δ-hydroxylysine . Comp Biochem Physiol 8:335, 1963;.
7 +
Lund P, Goldstein L:  Glutamine synthetase activity in tissues of lower vertebrates . Comp Biochem Physiol 31:205, 1969;.
8 +
Piddington R, Moscona AA:  Correspondence between glutamine synthetase activity and differentiation in the embryonic retina in situ and in culture . J Cell Biol 27:247, 1965;.
9 +
Sheffield JB, Fischman DA:  Intercellular junctions in the developing neural retina of the chick embryo . Z Zellforsch 104:405, 1970;.
10 +
Amos H, Moore MO:  The influence of bacterial ribonucleic acid on animal cells in culture . Exp Cell Res 32:1, 1963;.
11 +
Waelsch H:  Glutamotransferase (α-glutamyltransferase) , Colowick SP, Kaplan NO (eds): Methods in Enzymology . New York, Academic Press, 1955;, vol 2, p 267.
12 +
Thorndike J, Reif-Lehrer L: A sensitive assay for glutamyltransferase. Enzym Biol Clin, to be published.
13 +
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al:  Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent . J Biol Chem 193:265, 1951;.
14 +
Albert DM, Rabson AS, Dalton AJ:  Tissue culture study of human retinoblastoma . Invest Ophthal 9:64, 1970;.
15 +
Chader GJ, Saunders LR, Reif-Lehrer L:  Glutamine synthetase in the normal human retina . Arch Ophthal 85:286-287, 1971;.
16 +
Mann I: The Development of the Human Eye . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1964;.
17 +
Morris JE, Moscona AA:  Induction of glutamine synthetase in embryonic retina: Its dependence on cell interactions . Science 167:1736, 1970;.
18 +
De Mar R:  The inhibition by glutamine of glutamyl-transferase formation in cultures of human cells . Biochim Biophys Acta 27:435, 1958;.
19 +
Barnes PR, Youngberg D, Kitos PA: Factors affecting the production of glutamine in cultured mouse cells. J Cell Physiol, to be published.

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