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September 1980, Vol 98, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | September 1980

Hemi-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: Title and subTitle BreakPathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Natural History FREE

Sohan Singh Hayreh, MD, PhD, FRCS; Manmohindar Singh Hayreh, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication Nov 23, 1979.

Reprint requests to Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Dr Hayreh).


Arch Ophthalmol. 1980;98(9):1600-1609. doi:10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040452011
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References
Comments

• A two-trunked central retinal vein (CRV) in the anterior part of the optic nerve may persist as a congenital abnormality in a certain proportion of humans. One of the two trunks, like the CRV, may get occluded in the optic nerve to produce hemi-CRV occlusion (hemi-CRVO). It is shown that hemi-CRVO is a distinct entity, clinically and pathogenetically closely related to CRVO, and unrelated to branch retinal vein occlusion because of fundamental differences between the two. Hemi-CRVO clinically presents as either venous stasis retinopathy (VSR) or as hemorrhagic retinopathy (HR), usually involving one half of the retina, although occasionally it may involve one third to two thirds of the retina. The clinical features of VSR and HR caused by hemi-CRVO are identical to those caused by CRVO. The primary object of this article is to identify hemi-CRVO, a not uncommon condition, and to describe its main clinical features.

REFERENCES

1 +
Jensen VA:  Clinical studies of tributary thrombosis in the central retinal veins . Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 10:1-193, 1936;.
2 +
Hill DW, Griffiths JD:  The prognosis in retinal vein thrombosis . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 90:309-322, 1970;.
3 +
Clemett RS, Kohner EM, Hamilton AM:  The visual prognosis in retinal branch vein occlusion . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 93:523-535, 1973;.
4 +
Kohner EM, Shilling JS:  Retinal vein occlusion , in Rose FC (ed): Medical Ophthalmology . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1976;, pp 391-429.
5 +
Mann I: The Development of the Human Eye . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969;, p 228.
6 +
Hayreh SS: A Study of the Central Artery of Retina in Human Beings in its Intraorbital and Intraneural Course, thesis. Panjab University, India, 1958.
7 +
Hayreh SS:  The cilio-retinal arteries . Br J Ophthalmol 47:71-89, 1963;.
8 +
Hayreh SS:  So-called Central retinal vein occlusion: I. Pathogenesis, terminology, clinical features . Ophthalmologica 172:1-13, 1976;.
9 +
Hayreh SS:  Central retinal vein occlusion: Differential diagnosis and management . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 83:379-391, 1977;.
10 +
Hayreh SS, van Heuven WAJ, Hayreh MS:  Experimental retinal vascular occlusion: I. Pathogenesis of central retinal vein occlusion . Arch Ophthalmol 96:311-323, 1978;.
11 +
Raitta C:  Der Zentralvenen—und netzhautvenenverschluss . Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 83:1-123, 1965;.
12 +
Hayreh SS, March W, Phelps CD:  Ocular hypotony following retinal vein occlusion . Arch Ophthalmol 96:827-833, 1978;.
13 +
Moore RF: Retinal Venous Thrombosis . New York, GP Putnam's Sons, 1924;, pp 1-90.
14 +
Uhthoff W:  Zu den arteriellen and venösen zirculationsstörungen der netzhaut . Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges Heidel 46:63-76, 1925;.
15 +
Hayreh SS:  Central retinal vein occlusion , in Mausolf FA (ed): The Eye and Systemic Disease . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1980;, pp 223-275.
16 +
Archer DB, Ernest JT, Newell FW:  Classification of branch retinal vein obstruction . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:148-165, 1974;.
17 +
Gutman FA, Zegarra H:  Natural course of temporal retinal branch vein occlusion . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:178-194, 1974;.
18 +
Michels RG, Gass JDM:  Natural course of retinal branch vein obstruction . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:166-177, 1974;.
19 +
Wise GH, Dollery CT, Henkind P: The Retinal Circulation . New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1971;, p 356.

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1 +
Jensen VA:  Clinical studies of tributary thrombosis in the central retinal veins . Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 10:1-193, 1936;.
2 +
Hill DW, Griffiths JD:  The prognosis in retinal vein thrombosis . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 90:309-322, 1970;.
3 +
Clemett RS, Kohner EM, Hamilton AM:  The visual prognosis in retinal branch vein occlusion . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 93:523-535, 1973;.
4 +
Kohner EM, Shilling JS:  Retinal vein occlusion , in Rose FC (ed): Medical Ophthalmology . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1976;, pp 391-429.
5 +
Mann I: The Development of the Human Eye . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969;, p 228.
6 +
Hayreh SS: A Study of the Central Artery of Retina in Human Beings in its Intraorbital and Intraneural Course, thesis. Panjab University, India, 1958.
7 +
Hayreh SS:  The cilio-retinal arteries . Br J Ophthalmol 47:71-89, 1963;.
8 +
Hayreh SS:  So-called Central retinal vein occlusion: I. Pathogenesis, terminology, clinical features . Ophthalmologica 172:1-13, 1976;.
9 +
Hayreh SS:  Central retinal vein occlusion: Differential diagnosis and management . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 83:379-391, 1977;.
10 +
Hayreh SS, van Heuven WAJ, Hayreh MS:  Experimental retinal vascular occlusion: I. Pathogenesis of central retinal vein occlusion . Arch Ophthalmol 96:311-323, 1978;.
11 +
Raitta C:  Der Zentralvenen—und netzhautvenenverschluss . Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 83:1-123, 1965;.
12 +
Hayreh SS, March W, Phelps CD:  Ocular hypotony following retinal vein occlusion . Arch Ophthalmol 96:827-833, 1978;.
13 +
Moore RF: Retinal Venous Thrombosis . New York, GP Putnam's Sons, 1924;, pp 1-90.
14 +
Uhthoff W:  Zu den arteriellen and venösen zirculationsstörungen der netzhaut . Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges Heidel 46:63-76, 1925;.
15 +
Hayreh SS:  Central retinal vein occlusion , in Mausolf FA (ed): The Eye and Systemic Disease . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1980;, pp 223-275.
16 +
Archer DB, Ernest JT, Newell FW:  Classification of branch retinal vein obstruction . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:148-165, 1974;.
17 +
Gutman FA, Zegarra H:  Natural course of temporal retinal branch vein occlusion . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:178-194, 1974;.
18 +
Michels RG, Gass JDM:  Natural course of retinal branch vein obstruction . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:166-177, 1974;.
19 +
Wise GH, Dollery CT, Henkind P: The Retinal Circulation . New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1971;, p 356.

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